资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
总是“幻阳”怎么办?心理学技巧助你应对“新冠焦虑”****** 作者:唐义诚,系中国心理学会科普委副秘书长 最近,网络上频频冒出一种新的“不明疾病”——“幻阳症”。不少网友纷纷表示自己出现了此疾病的诸多“症状”,总觉得自己身体哪里不舒服,咽痛、头痛、肌肉酸痛。并反复开展抗原自测,既担心自己是否阳了,又希望早点阳了算了。当然,所谓“幻阳症”并不是一种典型的心理障碍,只是网友们面对新冠感冒的自我调侃,反映的是人们面对短期疫情变化出现的焦虑与紧张情绪。 从心理学的角度,“幻阳症”带来的焦虑感主要是一种面对未来的恐惧,人们常会为“不知道另一只靴子什么时候落地”而焦虑,不确定性有时候比确定的压力更加令我们烦恼。 为了应对这种烦恼,我们不妨这样想:还未感染新冠病毒是一件好事,如果已经感染,至少不必再为此焦虑,也是一件好事,既然怎么样都是好结果,面对新冠病毒的心态也就会平和许多。 同时,我们需要认知到“幻阳症”作为一种情绪反应是具备功能性的,焦虑是一种在潜在威胁面前无能为力的状态,但如果你发现自己并非无能为力,你发现只需要去做些什么,就能避免坏事发生,焦虑是不是就减轻了?所以,“幻阳症”带来的焦虑感会转化成行动,让我们更谨慎地做好防护,理性应对疫情,最终可以更好地保护自己免受病毒侵害。 换句话说,我们可以把“幻阳症”看成是一种心理上的自我免疫,是大脑在调动更多的资源应对外部疫情的积极反应。 当然,即便焦虑有积极功能,如果焦虑感过于严重,持续地扩散或者出现急性的惊恐发作,以及莫名其妙的担心、坐立不安,有时候还会伴随着植物神经功能的失调,比如说手抖、出汗、尿频、心悸或者运动性的不安。这种情况就属于心理学上的焦虑障碍,需要及时自我调节,或者寻求专业人士的支持了。 如果你还未确诊新冠,却总是因为“新冠焦虑”寝食难安,以至于影响了正常生活,就不妨从以下方面入手,主动调节心情。 一、让身体动起来 运动会产生多巴胺这种让人快乐的荷尔蒙,经常运动的人不太容易焦虑,或者比较容易排解焦虑。但是一想到运动难免有畏难情绪,跑步或者去健身房锻炼是件让人头疼的事儿,没什么乐趣,自然也不好坚持。 其实动起来并没有那么麻烦,比如:两分钟的身体拉伸,一分钟的原地高抬腿,20下深蹲,或者干脆就跳绳50下。这些全都是三五分钟随时随地就能做了的事儿,工作和学习的间隙就可以。 为什么这些很简单的运动就有用呢?因为人的情绪和身体状态,其实是互相影响和反馈的。 你可能听说过,大笑这个动作本身就能让人开心。人的其它情绪也一样,焦虑的时候,人的肢体常常是僵硬和紧绷的,越焦虑越紧绷,越紧绷也就越焦虑。 二、尝试主动放松 人在焦虑时,心理的表现是体验到了失控感。中级方法的核心,就是要帮你重新获得掌控感。譬如:你可以尝试让自己的注意力从未来拉回到现在,具体来说,你要关注你当下的状态和感受:此时此刻你的感受是悲伤的,是忧心忡忡的,还是充满内疚的?不要对你的状态作出评价(“我内心很担心感染,这不太对”),你只需要做一个观察者就好。通过这种方式,你会回到当下,让自己的身心实现统一,减少关于未来的不确定感。 同时,你还可以做一些身体放松练习,你可以尝试把手握成一个拳头,感受一下手部和臂部肌肉的紧绷感,握拳的力量感。握拳一到两分钟之后,再慢慢地松开,松开的时候不要着急全部松开,而是要感受肌肉在一点点放松,血液重新回到原来紧绷的地方。学会控制了手部肌肉之后,接下来,你可以慢慢地尝试控制身体的其他部位,比如说脸部肌肉和颈部肌肉。 三、寻找社会支持 如果实在难以忍受“新冠焦虑”,你可以尝试找朋友聊聊天,寻求社会支持。研究表明,高质量的交流可以让你深度放松,缓解心情。值得一提的是,深度的放松还可以刺激免疫系统,让人体内的白细胞增加,抵抗力更强。 人的唾液里有一种免疫球蛋白,这个蛋白含量越高,说明你的免疫力越强,科学家调查了100多名大学生,发现了一个有意思的现象,每周有高质量人际交往的被试唾液里的免疫球蛋白含量最高,最不容易得病。由此可见,有效的人际交往可以为你添上心身“双保险”! 需要注意的是,如果通过以上调节方法都无法缓解目前的焦虑、紧张、不安的情绪,或发现“幻阳”无法通过自行调节缓解,要及时向专业的心理咨询师、心理医生求助。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |